In my most recent experience with a new WordPress install, I experienced the exact same as the OP mentioned.
However, rather than spend time uploading majority of the new folders/files (excluding wp-content), I tried jumping directly to the source.
Since the tinymce was affected, I targeted the following root location for a quick visual inspection: wp-includes/js/tinymce.
In my case, I was missing some of the required files in the tinymce folder. After new files completed uploading, I switched over to my Admin panel, Pages, Edit Page view and immediately noticed my toolbar.
Cheers!
