Alright, solved it.
You can get the current post(id) by calling
$submission = WPCF7_Submission::get_instance();
$post_id = (int) $submission->get_meta( 'container_post_id' );
Sorry for spamming your support forum, but hey, self-solving problems amirite!
If my solution is kinda wonky or hacky let me know if there is a better way to do this.
Best,
Fabian