I have exactly the same problem.
Most interesting is that it worked fine until it stopped working without any visible reason.
On other computer it still works fine. So it has to be an issue of my computer.
The question is why? By the way… my error message is a little different:
Fehler: missing } after property list
Quelldatei: https://test.maklerbuero-schwartz.de/wp-admin/load-scripts.php?c=0&load=jquery,utils&ver=fb5c271ac01e8186b23ece33d5ce4961
Line: 2, Coloumn: 7578
The exact problem is in the wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js
But I don’t understand it.