Update:
After updating the plugin, orders are still failing the payment process and retrying, but are now resubmitting the whole order within WooCommerce causing our client to receive a flood of emails and many duplicated orders in the dashboard. I’ve rolled back to the previous version of the plugin so there’s not an unbearable amount of orders to sift through. Would like to receive any kind of guidance on this before telling the client we should just rework the site.