I was just fooling around with the xmlrpc posting interface using a clean install of wordpress-072-gold, and was having an issue much like you describe. It looks like by default wordpress tries to write some debugging info into the file pingback.log when a post is done through the xmlrpc functions. You can either create a webserver writable file called pingback.log in the top level directory of your wordpress install, or go into the file xmlrpc.php on line 1691 and comment out the statement that sets $debug to 1. Before I did this I was getting error messages back from the post, and now it works perfectly.