It’s being very finnicky, and I don’t know why. I get the same ‘error’ screen with Chrome on another PC, despite it working on my web development computer (on Chrome and Edge, with clearing browser caches and in incognito mode). If you’re using Windows, it should connect properly on Edge.
For what it’s worth, I took down and re-created the site, and the problem persists. Also, I tried W3 Total Cache with the old version of my site. My WordPress host is cPanel.