@t-p When I deactivated all the plugins, the issue remained. When I switched to Twenty Sixteen, the issue went away so it appears it is in fact tied to my theme.
@michael Thank you! Half of my issue was that I had no idea what the correct term was and no amount of Google Fu could produce it. I am hoping to avoid any editing of CSS or html but if I have no choice knowing the right term will at least help me figure out where to start.