I think I succeeded. I had already removed ‘blog ‘ in :
wp-includes/ms-functions.php
wp-admin/network/site-new.php
$illegal_names = array_merge($illegal_names, apply_filters( 'subdirectory_reserved_names', array( 'page', 'comments', 'blog', 'files', 'feed' ) ) );
Now I did the same thing in /wp-includes/ms-settings.php
$reserved_blognames = array( 'page', 'comments', 'blog', 'wp-admin', 'wp-includes', 'wp-content', 'files', 'feed' );
…and it seems to work !
No more 404 error, the posts are retrieved correctly…
I check if there are no other problems