Thanks again @veerap for helping out! I actually looked at ThemeGrill forum (creator of Spacious theme) and there a moderator stated:
“No, there is no any issue at all with this theme and the plugin. Maybe, you can consult once with the respective plugin developer? They may be able to help you on this better than we could. Thanks.”
(Someone else suggested that there was a compatibility issue with Spacious and Polylang, however facing a completely different problem than mine)
So I believe and truly hope that the problem is not related to theme and Polylang but rather another plug-in. I’ve tried deactivating a few plug-ins, one of them WP Super cache, and the web host recently updated PHP to 7.2. So far so good, I keep my fingers crossed!