Here is the relevant piece of my content-single.php:
<article id="post-<?php the_ID(); ?>" <?php post_class(); ?>>
<header class="entry-header">
<?php the_title( '<h1 class="entry-title">', '</h1>' ); ?>
<div class="entry-meta">
<?php littleseedsfarmschool_posted_on(); ?>
</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
<div class="post-header-image">
<?php echo the_post_thumbnail('post-header-image'); ?>
</div>
</header><!-- .entry-header -->
Here are the two additions to my functions.php:
add_theme_support( 'post-thumbnails' );
add_image_size('post-header-image', 960, 300, true);
Thanks again!