Yoast wrote: “If activating a plugin causes the problem again, which one?” YOUR shit plugin did caused the problem!
Not even needed to disable all other plugins, just FTP and delete your shit folder, and everything went back working fine again. I will install another SEO plugin for sure but not this one.
This is not the first time YOAST kill a live website. You should delete this thing from plugin repository. There are many other fine SEO plugins out there.