I had the same problem. It seemed to come and go with having cookies cleared so it was something to do with session/cookie/siteurl. Having searched the web I found several places to check and eventually a remedy.
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check .htaccess
check wp-config.php
check wp-options table from database
From there i corrected the following
Found small config mismatch from .htaccess
Renewd the cookie settings from wp-config (check section: Authentication Unique Keys)
After comparing with anew wp-config.php I noticed wp3.x version of the config file doesn’t have “?>” ending. Removed it.
Removed www-prefix from blogurl and siteurl parameters in wp-options table. Also made them identical.
After this my site started working fine again. I don’t know if one or a selection of these causes the problem but decided to mention them just incase.
Hope this helps