I ended up modifying the PHP file to get the results I want. I changed this line:
if ( genesis_get_option('teasers_enable') == 'Home Page' )
$enableteaserson = is_home();
To this:
if ( genesis_get_option('teasers_enable') == 'Home Page' )
$enableteaserson = is_home() || is_archive() || is_page_template( 'page_blog.php' );
It would be useful to have this functionality as a built-in feature of the plugin, though, so I don’t have to be afraid of downloading future updates.