I’d tried using BlueHost’s one-click install previously, but got an error message saying it couldn’t install, along with a broken screenshot (so I couldn’t see what the issue was). I tried BlueHost again last night, and that seemed to work after deleting the original index.html. I still cannot for the life of me figure out why the original installation would not work. BlueHost uses ‘localhost’ and I was indeed 1000% certain the info in wp-config.php was correct. Perhaps the next time I have to do this it will work out better.
Thanks for the advice, everyone.