Hi,
This is still causing an issue with custom product attributes displaying incorrectly on the cart page in Woocommerce 2.4.12 (it works fine for global product attributes).
I think this is because it is using the taxonomy name and not the key of the taxonomy.
If you change lines 144 and 153 from:
foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
to:
foreach ( $taxonomies as $key => $taxonomy ) {
and lines 145 and 154 from:
$taxonomies_woo[ $taxonomy['name'] ] = $taxonomy;
to:
$taxonomies_woo[ $key ] = $taxonomy;
This fixes the problem.