I had this issue too and went down the red herring path of messing with the xmlrpc.
Then I noticed on the top left of the Posts page on the Jetpack app, there’s a downward-facing arrow that toggles between “Me” and “Everyone”. How is this useful?
I have no idea what the feature does, but I can’t see most of my own sites published posts when it’s set to “Me,” although it appears I can see them all when it’s set to “Everyone.”
I can’t find that feature documented in a web search, though this web page — about the same symptom I was trying to solve — did come up in those search results.