I am having the same problem and wanted to see how this had been resolved. The role I am trying to require moderation on has the following permissions checked:
edit_others_pages
edit_private_pages
edit_published_pages
edit_pages
read
read_private_pages
read_documents
When logged in with this role, it appears that I’m still able to publish changes to page content without having to send to the workflow. Furthermore, the content in the editor for all users (including the user in the restricted role) does NOT reflect the change that the restricted role just published. What am I missing?