I have a similar problem although slightly different.
I am running WordPress on a Windows server.
It was all running fine and I have not upgraded or done anything however yesterday I edited an existing post and then when I try to load any page where that post would appear (home page or relevant category) all preceeding posts would appear but the one I edited would only show the Title and the Wordress would just loop until it times out.
I tracked down the post that was causing the problem and copied it to a new post and saved it as a draft, then deleted the original post. Everything was fine again.
Now if I try to add a new post, even one that just says “test” the same thing happens again! Any category that does not have the new post in it still loads fine.
Please help!