updating selected database tables instead of whole wp directory

Hi Guys,

I am fairly new to wordpress so hopefully my question is not too basic or obvious. I am developing a multisite locally using MAMP and then uploading it via FTP to a local domain. I was wondering if there is a way to upload only selected Database Tables after doing some changes instead of always having to upload the whole wordpress folder and update the entire database again.

In particular I would like to know which wp folders or Database tables I would need to upload after I added a new page to my website.. I can imagine this is dependent on various factors including the plugins I am using but if there is a general way to do it for a basic setup It would be very helpful.

The same way I would like to know which wp-files and database tables to update when adding one new blog entry instead of having to update everything.

I hope it makes sense what I am asking. Please let me know if you need additional information.
Looking forward to hear your insights