Site Format Change

I currently have a website that I guess you could call a blog that I made through wordpress. As it’s currently set up, my most recent posts are on the home page and below them is a link that says “older entries”. On the right hand side of the home page there’s a table entitled “recent posts” which predictably enough has links to my most recent posts.
What I want to do is change it around so that rather than displaying the whole posts on my homepage, links to each post from this year will be displayed and then below that I want to have links to archive pages that I’m going to make for posts from previous years. To get an idea of what I want to do, take a look at https://maddox.xmission.com. That’s basically the format I want to go with, without changing my template as I like the overall look and color scheme. Any responses are appreciated.