Site breaks when "Reading" settings are changed

Hello all,

I know this is a problem with my template but I want to learn why its happening and how to fix it.

Here is a pastebin of my index file:
https://wordpress.pastebin.com/dwxTZ7YB

I have a “Home” and a “Blog” page. I want my homepage to display my “Home” page and all of my posts to appear on my “Blog” page. When I assign this under Reading Settings, the site breaks and Safari says it is an infinite loop issue.

What in my template is breaking it, or what do I need to add? I have a feeling it’s a problem with the loop but it looks the same as the loop example on the WordPress Documentation.

Any advice on how to fix it?