Hi Nico,
I replicated your setup and created a page where I used the Latest-Posts-Block. Looks good on the frontend in the way that the text between [wiki] and [/wiki] is visible. But what strikes me, is that the tooltip even works. That’s not what happens in a normal WP setup where you show excerpts of posts on a blog/archive/category/tag/author-page.
For that reason I made a few words italic and bold. These styles are not shown, even in your setup (using new-posts-block). So, the markup is removed and text stays. That’s what I would expect from the wiki tooltip as well.
Hope you can find a few minutes to test my setup as well. Display a blog page with one or several post excepts.
It would be great if the wiki-tagged text remains in the excerpt, but without the functionality itself. Just stripped of shortcode and html tags.