Seperating posts by magazine issue

I’m trying to make an online magazine that has the ability to separate posts by magazine issue (fall-2009, winter-2010, etc), and maintain a good permalink structure.

I would like my permalink structure to look like this:
https://mysite.com/fall-2009/article-name

My first thought was to make a category for each issue, however I have multiple sub-categories that need to be shared across all categories (like a “featured” category).

Any suggestions?