Question re “Strip image sizes”

I am seeing this in my source code for posts:

<img width=”768″ height=”432″ src=”/cdn-cgi/image/width=1920,height=1080,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/image-768×432.jpg” ….

My understanding was that the “Strip image sizes” setting would take care of this? Otherwise, the “resizing” function would only ever be working off the thumbnail/smaller version of the image, and not the full sized one (eg image.jpg).

Great plugin otherwise!