Here are some post count variables you can use in your theme template files:
// count for total found posts on the current (query) page.
$current_page_post_count = $wp_query->post_count;
echo 'there are ' . $current_page_post_count . ' posts on this page';
// count for total found posts for the current query
$current_query_total_post_count = $wp_query->found_posts;
echo 'there are ' . $current_query_total_post_count . ' posts in total for this query';
// current post number inside the loop
// (starts with 0)
$current_post_in_loop = $wp_query->current_post;
echo 'this is post number' . $wp_query->current_post;
// count of all posts published, regardless of current query
$count_posts = wp_count_posts();
echo 'total posts = ' . $count_posts->publish;
// max post setting on wp-admin > Settings > Reading
$default_posts_per_page = get_option('posts_per_page');
echo 'default posts_per_page = '. $default_posts_per_page;