I am experiencing this in 1.1 as well. Scheduled posts are successfully published on schedule by wp-cron, and are visible if accessed directly, but the scheduled publication does not trigger a clearing of the cached index page, and so there is no indication that they were published.
For what it’s worth, here’s what the Super Cache log shows (a post was scheduled to appear at 16:31:00):
16:28:08 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/edit.php Cookie detected: wordpress_logged_in_8530db1c189dc0fb8e3bf9a6bf8742e4
16:28:08 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/edit.php supercache dir: /#####/crain/wpsc11/wp-content/cache/supercache/####/crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/edit.php/
16:28:08 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/edit.php No wp-cache file exists. Must generate a new one.
16:28:08 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/edit.php Cookie detected: wordpress_logged_in_8530db1c189dc0fb8e3bf9a6bf8742e4
16:28:08 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/edit.php In WP Cache Phase 2
16:28:08 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/edit.php Setting up WordPress actions
16:28:08 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/edit.php Not caching wp-admin requests.
16:28:09 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php Cookie detected: wordpress_logged_in_8530db1c189dc0fb8e3bf9a6bf8742e4
16:28:09 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php In WP Cache Phase 2
16:28:09 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php Setting up WordPress actions
16:28:09 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php Not caching wp-admin requests.
16:32:44 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/edit.php Cookie detected: wordpress_logged_in_8530db1c189dc0fb8e3bf9a6bf8742e4
16:32:44 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/edit.php supercache dir: /#####/crain/wpsc11/wp-content/cache/supercache/####/crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/edit.php/
16:32:44 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/edit.php No wp-cache file exists. Must generate a new one.
16:32:44 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/edit.php Cookie detected: wordpress_logged_in_8530db1c189dc0fb8e3bf9a6bf8742e4
16:32:44 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/edit.php In WP Cache Phase 2
16:32:44 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/edit.php Setting up WordPress actions
16:32:44 /crain/wpsc11/wp-admin/edit.php Not caching wp-admin requests.
16:32:44 /crain/wpsc11/wp-cron.php?doing_wp_cron=1338913964 In WP Cache Phase 2
16:32:44 /crain/wpsc11/wp-cron.php?doing_wp_cron=1338913964 Setting up WordPress actions
16:32:44 /crain/wpsc11/wp-cron.php?doing_wp_cron=1338913964 Not caching POST request.
16:32:45 /crain/wpsc11/wp-cron.php?doing_wp_cron=1338913964 wp_cache_post_edit: draft post, not deleting any cache files.
16:32:45 /crain/wpsc11/wp-cron.php?doing_wp_cron=1338913964 wp_cache_post_change: draft post, not deleting any cache files.
16:32:45 /crain/wpsc11/wp-cron.php?doing_wp_cron=1338913964 wp_cache_post_edit: draft post, not deleting any cache files.
I think given this and the gzip bug that also appeared in 1.1, we’ll revert to 0.9.9.9, but I would be happy to help resolve this if there’s anything I can do to help.
Thanks!