Permission issues with permalinks and uploading info

I recently switched from an IIS Server to a Linux server. I am having nothing but issues, the database is up correctly, as well as the theme, but for some reason the logo (which is in the header) didn’t transfer over, and I cannot change the permalink structure, it says mod_rewrite isn’t writable, I don’t even know if there is one.

I also see a whole bunch of doensn’t have permission issues. I only have FTP Access to the site and don’t know how to change permissions outside of the unix command line (ie terminal)

Thanks for your help