Josh
Right, I’ve had a look at the example you gave me (the MTA Study… post). The reason you’re not getting a CMW instance when that page is on view is primarily because it isn’t in the main menu (upon which your CMW instance is based). The fallback_ci_parent option won’t help because it falls back to looking for an item that is marked (by WordPress) as current-menu-parent (when no current-menu-item can be found), and there is no item in the main menu that is classed as such. In fact there are no current-menu-* classes anywhere in the menu when that MTA Study… post is being shown, presumably because WordPress can’t say that it is a child item of any particular menu item, even though it can determine (from the post hierarchy) that both Hot Issues and Charter Schools are current-page-ancestor.
Since the page in question is not in the menu, and WordPress cannot/will not indicate a parent menu item for it, the CMW primary filter of Branch=Current Item fails and there is no output.
PS : I don’t know whether it would fit into your site plan but I have a tentative suggestion for a possible way around this? Assign the MTA Study… (and maybe other similar posts that are not on the menu) to a suitable Category, such as [Something Relevant] Reference, and add the category as a menu item to a relevant sub-menu. WordPress would mark a category menu item as current-menu-parent when a post in that category was on display, and setting CMW’s fallback_ci_parent option would make CMW pick up that category menu item as the Current Item (given a lack of a more specific alternative).