Media Library not displaying

Just a few hours ago, a strange error began to occur on my site. I’ve tried hunting for the error that I found via Google, to no avail. I can’t see anything wrong with my site or files, other than that I can’t access the image library when using the post editor.

I can publish posts and alter settings just fine, I just can’t seem to add featured images or access the media library at all when using the post/page editor. The image library seems to load inside the admin dashboard just fine. It was working fine earlier today.

Nothing has been changed other than a single plugin update, and I already tried disabling that plugin. I also checked the support forum for that plugin and the github, no mention of this bug.

I’ve tried the following steps to see what the problem was to no avail either:

• Disabling plugins
• Checking file permissions for uploads folders, all 755
• Swapping between Block and Classic Editor
• Switching to default theme
• Clearing Browser Cache/Cookies and logging out of WP
• Disabling Cloudflare/Ezoic
• Clearing server-side caches in CF/WP/Ezoic

I get this error in the browser console when I trigger the media library via Featured Image:

Uncaught SyntaxError: Invalid left-hand side in assignment
    at new Function (<anonymous>)
    at Function.v.template (underscore.min.js?ver=1.8.3:2)
    at n.template (wp-util.min.js?ver=5.6.1:2)
    at n.render (media-views.min.js?ver=5.6.1:2)
    at wp.Backbone.Subviews.<anonymous> (wp-backbone.min.js?ver=5.6.1:2)
    at underscore.min.js?ver=1.8.3:2
    at Function.v.each.v.forEach (underscore.min.js?ver=1.8.3:2)
    at wp.Backbone.Subviews._attach (wp-backbone.min.js?ver=5.6.1:2)
    at wp.Backbone.Subviews.set (wp-backbone.min.js?ver=5.6.1:2)
    at n.prepare (media-views.min.js?ver=5.6.1:2)

The page I need help with: [log in to see the link]