I have this problem too. I placed a PHP warning and got a stack trace. Here’s how JetPack is calling the shortcode:
PHP Stack trace:
PHP 1. {main}() /mywebsite/index.php:0
PHP 2. require() /mywebsite/index.php:17
PHP 3. require_once() /mywebsite/wp-blog-header.php:16
PHP 4. include() /mywebsite/wp-includes/template-loader.php:43
PHP 5. get_header() /mywebsite/wp-content/themes/cloudhost-parent/page.php:4
PHP 6. locate_template() /mywebsite/wp-includes/general-template.php:34
PHP 7. load_template() /mywebsite/wp-includes/template.php:366
PHP 8. require_once() /mywebsite/wp-includes/template.php:390
PHP 9. wp_head() /mywebsite/wp-content/themes/cloudhost-child/header.php:33
PHP 10. do_action() /mywebsite/wp-includes/general-template.php:1576
PHP 11. call_user_func_array() /mywebsite/wp-includes/plugin.php:403
PHP 12. jetpack_og_tags() /mywebsite/wp-includes/plugin.php:403
PHP 13. jetpack_og_get_image() /mywebsite/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/functions.opengraph.php:71
PHP 14. Jetpack_PostImages::get_images() /mywebsite/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/functions.opengraph.php:109
PHP 15. Jetpack_PostImages::from_html() /mywebsite/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/class.jetpack-post-images.php:407
PHP 16. apply_filters() /mywebsite/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/class.jetpack-post-images.php:254
PHP 17. call_user_func_array() /mywebsite/wp-includes/plugin.php:170
PHP 18. do_shortcode() /mywebsite/wp-includes/plugin.php:170
The shortcode then gets called a second time in the ordinary way:
PHP Stack trace:
PHP 1. {main}() /mywebsite/index.php:0
PHP 2. require() /mywebsite/index.php:17
PHP 3. require_once() /mywebsite/wp-blog-header.php:16
PHP 4. include() /mywebsite/wp-includes/template-loader.php:43
PHP 2. require() /mywebsite/index.php:17
PHP 3. require_once() /mywebsite/wp-blog-header.php:16
PHP 4. include() /mywebsite/wp-includes/template-loader.php:43
PHP 5. the_content() /mywebsite/wp-content/themes/cloudhost-parent/page.php:26
PHP 6. apply_filters() /mywebsite/wp-includes/post-template.php:166
PHP 6. apply_filters() /mywebsite/wp-includes/post-template.php:166
PHP 7. call_user_func_array() /mywebsite/wp-includes/plugin.php:170
PHP 8. do_shortcode() /mywebsite/wp-includes/plugin.php:170
This caused me a big problem, as the shortcode was processing _POST parameters – twice.