Thanks for your update with the additional information and screen shots; very helpful. As I suspected, another plugin is involved:
Featured Image from URL (FIFU)
By Marcel Jacques Machado
I installed the plugin on my system and ran a few tests. The FIFU plugin adds items to the WordPress Media Library (adding rows to the wp_posts database table), but does not actually upload the attached file. FIFU installs several actions and filters that make these items behave as Featured Images.
FIFU has a settings option, “Media Library – Enable that to show the external images in your media library”, that adds the items to your Media/Library screen. By default this option is off; I suspect that’s true on your site. In this case FIFU adds a condition to the WP_Query
parameters that suppresses its items from the submenu table. FIFU does not recognize MLA and does not modify MLA’s query, so the items show up on the Media/Assistant submenu table.
If you turn the option on you should see the items show up. If you disable the plugin the items will appear with an icon in place of the thumbnail image. Is that working on your system?
I will investigate the work required to detect FIFU and honor its “Media Library” option setting, either within the MLA core or perhaps as an example plugin. I will post an update here when I have progress to report.