When inspecting the element, I went to the image URL and got a 404 not found error.
Please try with another image to see if it helps to solve the issue. If it does, then reupload the missing image.
If the issue persists, please try performing a conflict test by:
Temporarily switching your theme back to Storefront
Disabling all plugins except WooCommerce,
Check again if the issue persists.
If that solves it, reactivate the theme first and check again. Then, reactivate your other plugins, testing after each until you find the one causing conflict.
If you cannot perform a conflict test on your live site, we recommend creating a staging site using the WP Staging plugin.