How to get child categories by id?

The code below is part of a block of code I’m using in a custom category template to display child categories of the current category. Instead of getting all the child categories I would like to filter them by id, name or slug. Can anyone tell me how to do this?

$catpage = get_query_var( 'paged' ) ? get_query_var( 'paged' ) : 1;
$catnum = 5;
$offset = ($catnum * $catpage) - 5;
$cat = get_category( get_query_var( 'cat' ) );
$cat_id = $cat->cat_ID;

get_categories(
        array(
        'parent' => $cat_id,
        'orderby' => 'id',
        'order' => 'DESC',
        'hide_empty' => '0',
        'number' => $catnum,
        'offset' => $offset,
        'paged' => $catpage
    )
);