How to add categories and # of comments below the post title?

Hi there!

In my blog starting page (https://orgchem.by) there is no such thing as categories and number of comments for each posts. You can see them only if you open a post. How do I make this information visible for each post without opening the posts?

(I guess I need put some extra lines in a php-file. I know how to do it but I couldn’t find proper code and php-file.)

Thank you.