The customizer’s Additional CSS section only applies to front end requests. Admin CSS unfortunately is not so simple. Some CSS plugin might support admin CSS. It depends on the plugin. It’d be a nice plugin feature, but I suspect not that common.
Enqueuing from a PHP plugin ought to work. Look at the user contributed notes near the bottom of the docs page for some example code. Any you choose will need modification. Instead of hooking “wp_enqueue_scripts” action like most examples, use “admin_enqueue_scripts” instead. Be sure the path to the .css file is correct for where ever you place the file. You don’t have too many places it can safely go without risk of it being deleted during updates. A plugin or theme that’s not subject to updates will work. But it’s better in your own child theme or plugin. Plugins are easier to create than child themes.
Before making the effort to list all the ID selectors for almost every embed block, do a proof of concept test using only the CSS I provided earlier to ensure it properly hides that one block. If you have trouble getting your PHP working from the provided examples, post your best effort here and I’ll take a look at it.