Header Links using Permalinks

I’m having trouble coding my navigation links in templates such as header.php for them to update in my Permalinks. For example, each time I update my local site with my live site files, I have to manually update my templates that include navigation and sub-navigation links because when I update my Permalinks on my local site, it does not update them.

I’ve searched through the WordPress Codex and pages such as Using Permalinks, but everything I’ve tried there or read there doesn’t seem to help. You can see my site here:

https://jamminjdcards.com/blog/

And you can see the snippet of code from my header.php file that just includes my navigation links here:

https://pastebin.com/CSc88FRx

This is affecting both my main navigation links (found on every page) as well as my sub-navigation links found on my shop pages, as you can see here: https://jamminjdcards.com/blog/shop/

You can see in PasteBin how I am coding them now. I’ve also tried “/index.php/blog/…”, but that just gives me “jamminjdcards.com/index.php/blog/…” on the live site. I’ve also tried not including anything in advance of the category/page, such as “/supplies-services/”, but that leaves out my /blog/ folder and just gives me “jamminjdcards.com/supplies-services/” which isn’t valid.

The way I have it coded right now makes the most sense to me logically, but when I update my permalinks, it’s obviously not updating them, so it must not be correct. Do I need to use a php line, such as I do when linking the stylesheet?

Any advice on this would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!