When you first set up the ‘Simple URL’, the permalink is automatically generated from the Title, as default, this will be in the format domain.com/title-name – once you click Save, however, /go/ is thrown into the middle of the mix, thus domain.com/go/title-name – have you confirmed this is the case and that even this URL does not work?
Furthermore, I set my Simple URL’s up first, then went back to Permalinks and clicked Save. Now all the 404 Errors have disappeared which I was getting for the first couple of Simple URL’s I created after I re-saved the Permalink setting but had not re-saved the Permalinks settings.