AFAIK, the block still ultimately uses WP_Query
to get the pages, so you could use “pre_get_posts” action to alter the query as desired. The difficulty comes in distinguishing that particular query from all other queries that run through the same action. Perhaps there are some distinct query var values used for this query not used anywhere else to check for in a conditional?
Or, if the action callback were added from another action that fires just before the block makes its query, and your callback then removes itself from the call stack, any query alterations are less likely to influence other queries.