Error publishing embedded media in pages on production server

I’m running into a weird error that I’ve never seen before. I can use the editor to insert an image or video when editing a post or page but when I preview/publish/update, I get a blank page that has the following message:

Error
This page can't be displayed. Contact support for additional information.
The incident ID is: 752135680119-N/A.

I’m not sure whether this error is coming from WordPress, PHP, IIS, or what. I developed on my local Windows machine with no issues. I used Microsoft’s Web Platform Installer to install on both my local and the production machines. Locally I’m running the site on IISExpress while on production I’m using IIS7. I used the All-in-One WP Migration to import the site on production.

As far as I can tell the problem only occurs when accessing the production site remotely. It works if i’m accessing the site locally on the production machine. I get the error specifically when I try to embed an image or an iframe (for video), even if the src url is referencing an image on another server. Text updates work fine. Images used within the theme or inserted through a custom field work fine. It seems like maybe a permissions issue related to the editor but I’ve already tried allowing full control on the entire site for IUSR and IIS_IUSRS with no luck. I tried deactivating all plugins and switching to the default themes and I still get the error. In fact I get the error on a fresh WordPress install on this production server.