Duplicated thumbnails in custom related products section

Hi guys,

I’m having a really weird issue and hope you can help. The issue can be seen here, which is a screenshot of the Related products (See more) section on a product page: https://ibb.co/zShmzGP

What’s even worse – the duplicated thumbnails link to different products.

In the admin panel I have mostly used different product categories as a source for custom related products on each product page.

Running the latest versions of WordPress and Woocommerce.

Unfortunately I can’t trace the beginning of the issue as it is not appearing in 100% of the impressions and on all product pages. I can’t find any dependence.

I have used your plugin to customize Related products for thousands of products so this is crucial. Any help is greatly appreciated!