Hi Robin,
I do apologize but its still not clear exactly what you are wanting help with here. What I have gathered from your explanation here and the demo you linked to is that you want some way to the displayed items by an attribute that can be filtered by an accompanying filter controlled by the person viewing the items.
So for example, in the demo you linked to, you’d want to have a list of filters by “year of car” (which isn’t shown in the demo).
Since you’ve posted this as a support request in the WooCommerce Blocks repository I’m assuming your question is regarding the new All Products Block in combination with the various filtering blocks.
You can have multiple “Filter by Attributes” block setup for a page and each block instance can display terms from different product attribute taxonomies. So if “year of car” is a product attribute taxonomy, it should be available as an option for the block.
However, based on your question it appears you may be asking if you could use a custom taxonomy that is not a product attribute taxonomy for the filtering? If so, then currently there is no way to do this built-in or hooks available for injecting the custom taxonomy. The best approach here would be to build an additional Filter Block that is wired up to filter by your custom taxonomy.
Does what I wrote above indicate I’ve understood your request correctly?