Coming from Moveable Type

So I am coming from Moveable Type and so far I am digging the whole WordPress interface. I learned everything as far as editing my templates at Moveable Type, but, now I need a jump start on where to begin with WordPress. I know with the latter company – I had to edit the main index’s, catagories to change the templates – It was kind of a pain. What is the process and what is the template path. I am not asking for detailed instructions I just need a jump start.

Thanks