Very sorry for the delay. Thank you for the information.
This has just been fixed in version 1.5.6 by using a data URI for the image. I was hesitant to use this method because the image is about 119 kB. The data URI is over 110000 characters long (much longer than the previous image.php url). This may still be a problem in some browsers.
However, my testing showed that it works in Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer 11, mobile Android Browser, and Safari (iPhone, iPad).
I hope this helps.
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Notes:
Why I used the previous method with the long image url:
Most modern browsers do not impose the 2000 character limit for a URL. Not even Internet Explorer 11. In my testing, the previous extra-long image url was displaying fine on Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer 11, and the mobile Android Browser. The only browser that wouldn’t display the image was Safari (iPhone, iPad).