Category list and post lists

How do I go about making the front page of my blog just a list of categories with the titles of each post under that category. Maybe a little execpt for each title but not much.
Londa how https://blogcritics.com does it now but list out all the categories. If it cant be done I would settle for a list of categories on top like a cosmo for navigation and then all the titles underneath.

I’d like to learn how rather than be just told how. thx for any help.