Broken Product Images on Automated Emails

I have the products on this store synced with MailChimp via the plugin. However, over time, we have deleted products and their images, and in some instances, replaced images for products with new ones, and deleted the old images. I have resynced Woocommerce and Mailchimp multiple times, but products recommendations on Mailchimp emails are still referencing the images that no longer exist, and appearing broken. I have edited/resaved the products themselves, hoping that would update the image in MailChimp, but that didn’t work either. Is there another way to get products synced so the current images appear correctly in MailChimp?

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