As you can see in other comments, the editor is working on a vanilla installation of WordPress. It means that there must be something specific with your installation.
What I can suggest is to setup e.g, a local a mirror of one of your websites and start disabling 3rd party extensions on it to see if it helped, to detect a possible conflict.
Is it possible that you have “Broken Link Checker” installed?
Also checking PHP error log may help, though it’s a bit strange that no JS errors are reported in the console. Maybe at least there are some 404 errors in the Net tab of Firebug (you may check it using Fiddler as well).
When the editor does not appear completely, usually is caused by the “Disable the visual editor when writing” option checked in the user profile.