GP doesn’t create any additional images.
But by default WordPress does.
In Dashboard > Settings > Media you can see (and set) the Large, Medium and Thumbnails sizes WP will create. In addition it also creates a medium_large
thumbnail that is 768px wide.
NOTE: Any changes to these sizes will apply only to new images. Updating any existing images can be done with the Regenerate Thumbnails plugin.
Any image added to a page, or displayed as a featured image will include the originals size and a src-set of those various image sizes for the Browser to choose from. Emphasis on the Browser here, as it calculates the size it needs based on the resolution of the device, the viewport width, the image aspect ratio and some other factors.
Considering that most devices have at least x2 retina screen, the browser is 99.9% of the time going to select an image at least x2 you think it will.
When it comes to mobile, the Moto 4G which is what Google simulates its tests on is a x3 HD screen. So even at 360px wide the browser would ideally like to load a 1080px wide image.
So i wouldn’t be overly bothered with the various sizes. I find the medium_large 768px WP creates covers most gray areas….