Best practice for departmentalizing content using WP

Hi,

I am trying to create a way for different departments in our company to post their meeting minutes, agendas, events, newsletters in a format when opened displays the content and that will be easy for them to manage. How I usually display content for a department is create a page and set up links to .pdfs of calendars, newsletters, information, or policies etc.
I have been asked to create a format where several departments will have control over their own content and want to try to make it as easy as possible. This is where they will put content that is pertinent to their departments.
I have an older WP Site and tested a plugin called Minutes, Agendas, and Newsletters. It worked, but it doesn’t display the content department wise, just what type and date which will open the pdf when clicked on.
This is an Intranet site and is maintained on a self hosted server.
When I think of it sharepoint comes to mind as an easy way for departments to add documents and share content, but I do not want to have to use 2 different interfaces.
I am not sure if there is a way to use post or blogging to make this work since I am not that familiar with this aspect of WP.. have used as static website.
Maybe I am not searching correctly or it is over my head. Any suggestions or help would be appreciated. Examples would be awesome. Visuals are always helpful for me.
Thanks!