WordPress website displays image code on mobile iPhone

I have a business website, https://www.grandciel.com that is running the Divi theme. My site works and looks great on both my desktop computer and my tablet, but not on my iPhone and no one else’s mobile either.

It would seem it’s the sliders and images that don’t show up – instead strings of code display. Text does display correctly on mobile. When viewing https://www.grandciel.com on an iPhone and you scroll down to the footer, there is a link – View Full Site and View Mobile Site. When I click on View Full Site, the website displays as it should, images, sliders, buttons and text. Click View Mobile Site and code shows up where sliders, images and buttons should be.

I have two other WordPress websites running on Divi and neither one has this View Full Site and View Mobile Site link in the footer. I’ve corrected and updated my .htaccess file to read:

# BEGIN WordPress
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^index.php$ – [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
</IfModule>

# END WordPress

How can I get rid of those footer links and have my website fully display as it should on iPhones and other mobile phones? 50% of my traffic comes from mobile phones and I highly doubt anyone will find the link to make the switch way at the bottom in the footer.