“Remote data could not be fetched”

Hello!

I did a recent migration from Cloudflare to Google Project Shield and noticed that images are being partially indexed:

It works:
https://i0.wp.com/googlediscovery.com/wp-content/uploads/youtube-music-2.png?resize=800%2C500&ssl=1

Does not work:
https://i0.wp.com/googlediscovery.com/wp-content/uploads/youtube-music-2.png

In my feed, the images also appear broken:

https://feeds.feedburner.com/googlediscovery

I’ve already tried whitelisting all Jetpack IPs, but this problem keeps happening.

https://jetpack.com/support/how-to-add-jetpack-ips-allowlist/

Does anyone have any idea what it could be?

Thanks!

The page I need help with: [log in to see the link]